This comprehensive review explores the advancements in three-dimensional (3D) organoid studies for stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine. The authors highlight the limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and emphasize the advantages of 3D organoids in bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo research.The study discusses how organoids, self-organizing 3D tissue structures generated from stem cells, more accurately represent the in vivo physiology of organ systems. These structures mimic biological characteristics such as spatial order, cell-cell communication, and physiological processes, providing a stable system for tissue regeneration.The review covers various aspects of organoid research, including:
- The types of stem cells used (embryonic, induced pluripotent, and adult stem cells)
- The generation of organoids from pluripotent and adult stem cells
- The role of organoids in studying stem cell function, tissue regeneration, and disease modeling
- The advantages of 3D cultures over 2D cultures in replicating the natural cellular microenvironment
The authors also touch on the application of 3D organoids in cancer research, highlighting their potential for assessing cancer progression, treatment resistance, and personalized therapy screening.The review concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions in regenerative medicine using 3D organoids, emphasizing their potential to advance our understanding of cellular mechanisms and unlock stem cell potential in regenerative medicine applications
